Subak Uma Lambing

Scenario

In Bali, Indonesia, Subak represents more than just a traditional irrigation system-it is an emblematic example of social and spiritual cooperation aimed at creating a sustainable agricultural system that respects both thenatural environment and local religious beliefs.

Since the 9th century, Subak has supported the production of rice, a staple of the Balinese diet, enabling equitable and sustainable management of water resources. All farmers in the village actively participate, meeting regularly to discuss and decide crucial issues such as the timing of irrigation and the amount of water to be distributed.

At the center of the system is the Pekaseh, a leader elected by the community according to rules peculiar to each Subak. He coordinates irrigation operations, appoints the Pujari, the priest in charge of performing rituals in the temples, and is in charge of sanctioning any defaulting members.

Subak is deeply intertwined with the Hindu religion, basing itself on the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, which can be translated as “three reasons for prosperity.” According to this principle, prosperity comes from the right balance between the person and God, harmony between theindividual and the community, and respect for nature.Water is considered a sacred gift to be managed collectively, and irrigation takes on the value of anoffering to the gods, ensuring soil fertility and an abundant harvest.

Description

Today, Subak’s legacy translates into modern, dynamic ventures such as Subak Uma Lambing, a cooperative of 250 farmers in Sibang Kaja, where rice, vegetables, fruits, flowers and other products are grown.

This project stems from the history of Balinese agriculture, aiming to recover native rice varieties, use natural fertilizers, and adopt sustainable practices. In the 1970s and 1980s, farmers had received incentives to grow hybrid seeds and employ chemical pesticides, promising larger yields. However, this apparent prosperity caused serious environmental and social consequences, which Subak Uma Lambing is trying to remedy.

In addition to returning to traditional farming methods, the cooperative has developed responsible eco-tourism to counter the conversion of agricultural fields into mass tourist facilities. The initiative is a collaboration between the local Subak chief, the Green School, the Astungkara Way Foundation and the Renature Foundation. Tourists are involved in an immersive experience in Balinese culture, participating in the harvesting of rice, its drying in the sun, the daily life of farmers, and the working of the land.

According to Clifford Geertz, one of the fathers of contemporary anthropology, Subak represents an intricate social world that both shapes the environment and is shaped by it. Uma Lambing ‘s project testifies to how a traditional system can be dynamic, preserving the Balinese farmer’s way of life through sustainable practices and respect for the land and natural resources, which are considered a precious divine gift.

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